--Install Oracle10g on Enterprise Linux 5.5
(1).套裝軟體安裝
Desktop Environments -> 勾選 KDE
Development -> Development Libraries -> 按下[Optional Packages]
勾選 libstdc++44devel-4.4.0-6.el5.I386
-> Development Tools -> 按下[Optional Packages]
勾選 gcc44-4.4.0-6.el5.x86_64
gcc44-c++-4.4.0-6.el5.x86_64
-> 勾選Java Development
-> 勾選KDE Software Development
-> 勾選Legacy Software Development -> 按下[Optional Packages]
勾選 gtk+-1.2.10-56.el5.x86_64
-> 勾選 Ruby
-> X Software Development -> 按下[Optional Packages]
勾選 openmotif-devel-2.3.1-2.el5.x86_64
xorg-x11-server-sdk-1.1.1-48.52.0.1.el5.x86_64
xorg-x11.xbitmaps-1.0.1-4.1.x86_64
Servers -> 勾選 FTP Server
-> 勾選 Legacy Network Server -> 按下[Optional Packages]
勾選 telnet-server-0.17-39.el5.x86_64
-> 勾選 Mail Server
-> 勾選 Network Server
-> 勾選 Printing Supports
-> 勾選 Server Configuration Tools
-> 勾選 Windows FIle Server
Base System -> Legacy Software Support -> 按下[Optional Packages]
勾選 compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386
openmotif22-2.2.3-18.I386
qt4-4.2.1-1.x86_64
-> System Tools -> 按下[Optional Packages]
勾選 Click gnutls-utils-1.4.1-3.el5_2.1.x86_64
sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5.x86_64
(2).硬體環境檢查
記憶體需求：
•
最少記憶體1GB
空間需求：
•
1.5GB~2GB swap
•
400MB的/tmp空間
•
1.5GB的oracle軟體安裝空間
•
2GB的flash recovery area空間
oracle install before，check Linux package。use rpm -q check：
rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel libXp
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel libXp
========================================================================
--install oracle 10g
You should now have a single directory containing installation files. Depending on the age of the download this may either be named "db/Disk1" or "database".
Hosts File
The "/etc/hosts" file must contain a fully qualified name for the server.
For example.
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0. localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
10.1.1.58 test
Set Kernel Parameters
Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file.
#kernel.shmall = 2097152
#kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 101365
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=1048576
net.core.rmem_max=1048576
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters.
/sbin/sysctl -p
Add the following lines to the "/etc/security/limits.conf" file.
* soft nproc 2047
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536
Add the following line to the "/etc/pam.d/login" file, if it does not already exist.
session required pam_limits.so
Disable secure linux by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.
SELINUX=disabled
Alternatively, this alteration can be done using the GUI tool (System > Administration > Security Level and Firewall).
Click on the SELinux tab and disable the feature.
Create the new groups and users.
groupadd -g 501 oinstall
groupadd -g 502 dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
useradd -u 500 -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/
mkdir -p /Source
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
Edit the "/etc/redhat-release" file replacing the current release information
(Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga)) with the following:
redhat-4
Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the ".bash_profile" file.
# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=`hostname` ; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=xxx ; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=xxx; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
alias sqlplus='/usr/local/rlwrap/bin/rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='/usr/local/rlwrap/bin/rlwrap rman'
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
========================================================================
--install rarlinux-x64-5.1.0.tar.gz
[root@test ~]# tar -zxvf rarlinux-x64-5.1.0.tar.gz
[root@test ~]# cd rar
[root@test rar]# make && make install
這個時候，執行rar或者unrar會報一系列錯誤
[root@test rar]# rar
rar: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.7' not found (required by rar)
[root@test rar]# unrar
unrar: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.7' not found (required by unrar)
這個時候不要慌張，執行下列命令
yes|cp rar_static /usr/local/bin/rar && yes|cp rar_static /usr/local/bin/unrar
[root@test rar]# yes|cp rar_static /usr/local/bin/rar && yes|cp rar_static /usr/local/bin/unrar
cp: overwrite `/usr/local/bin/rar'? cp: overwrite `/usr/local/bin/unrar'?
========================================================================
Unpack Files
gunzip the files.
[root@test ~]# cd /Source/
[root@test Source]# gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
[root@test Source]# cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
--Installation
Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the database directory.
[oracle@test ~]$ cd /Source/database/
[oracle@test database]$ ./runInstaller
-------------------------------------------------------------------
[oracle@test ~]# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete
[root@test ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
--因為還沒有安裝資料庫，故先升級到 10205 version
[root@test Source]# unzip p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip
Edit the "/etc/redhat-release" with the following:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga)
[oracle@test Source]$ cd Disk1
[oracle@test Disk1]$ ./runInstaller
--Change Kernel Parameters
Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file.
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters.
/sbin/sysctl -p 讓參數生效
upgrade EM
[root@test Source]# unzip p8350262_10205_Generic.zip
[root@test Source]# su - oracle
[oracle@test ~]$ cd /Source/8350262/
[oracle@test 8350262]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/OPatch/opatch apply
結束安裝 oracle 10g 並升級 DB 與 EM (10.2.0.5.0)
========================================================================
--還原資料庫
把備份出來的檔案copy到要還原的機器上，注意還原機器的還原目錄路徑要跟備份的機器的目錄相同
測試還原
環境:
建立一個全新的db(如有舊db的也請先刪除，並且要確認datafile已被刪除，然後再建立新的db)
sid要設的跟備份機器相同
放db檔案路徑也相同
使用tree 指令讀取一下 Product 的目錄結構
tree /u01/app/oracle/ -L 5 -d
========================================================================
--Copy Product DB RMAN Backup && Archive log
--Copy password to /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/dbs/
[oracle@test rman_bak]$ cp orapwxxx /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/dbs/
or create password (若沒有密碼檔)
[oracle@test ~]$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/
orapwxxx password=oracle entries=5
--使用 rman 還原資料庫
[oracle@test rman_bak]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Mar 12 09:10:01 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/dbs/initxxx.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrival of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 159383552 bytes
Fixed Size 2094736 bytes
Variable Size 67111280 bytes
Database Buffers 83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers 6291456 bytes
--restore spfile
RMAN> restore spfile from '/backup/rman_bak/o1_mf_s_874109496_bj0t9r97_.bkp';
Starting restore at 12-MAR-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=36 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: /backup/rman_bak/o1_mf_s_874109496_bj0t9r97_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 12-MAR-15
--先shutdown db
RMAN> shutdown immediate
Oracle instance shut down
--離開
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
--use sqlplus login
[oracle@test rman_bak]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Mar 12 09:14:39 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>
--create pfile
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected
因為是還原演練 所以要先修改 pfile 內容，因為有做 DataGuard。
--use sqlplus login
[oracle@test rman_bak]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Mar 12 09:21:16 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile; 重新產生 spfile
File created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@test rman_bak]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Mar 12 09:24:43 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 6442450944 bytes
Fixed Size 2105920 bytes
Variable Size 2030046656 bytes
Database Buffers 4395630592 bytes
Redo Buffers 14667776 bytes
RMAN> set dbid=
xxxxxxxxxxxx
executing command: SET DBID
這邊就可以還原controlfile的囉，注意還原的位置喔，應該要跟原來的一樣
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/backup/rman_bak/o1_mf_s_874109496_bj0t9r97_.bkp';
Starting restore at 12-MAR-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=1092 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output filename=/u02/oradata/
xxx/control01.ctl
output filename=/u02/oradata/
xxx/control02.ctl
output filename=/u02/oradata/
xxx/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 12-MAR-15
RMAN> alter database mount;
--還原資料庫
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 12-MAR-15
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 12-MAR-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=1092 devtype=DISK
Crosschecked 32 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 12-MAR-15
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 12-MAR-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 12-MAR-15
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PRIMARY/autobackup/2015_03_11/o1_mf_s_874080942_bhzyfhmb_.bkp
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00004 to /u02/oradata/xxx/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00008 to /u03/oraindx/xxx/indx01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/rman_bak/xxxdb_nfq1jls5_1_1
.....................
.....................
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 12-MAR-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 66742 is already on disk as file
.........
archive log thread 1 sequence 66743 is already on disk as file
.........
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened --> 看到database opened就表示還原完成囉
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
